Math 453

Mathematical Statistics

Introductions

  • Introductions

  • Class Setup

  • Generative AI

  • Extra Credits

  • Fundamentals of Statistics

  • Fundamentals of Statistical Inference

  • Sampling Techniques

  • Field Trip

Introductions

  • San Bernardino, CA

  • CSU Monterey Bay

    • BS Biology
  • San Diego State University

    • Master’s in Public Health
  • UC Riverside

    • PhD in Applied Statistics

Introductions

  • Name

  • Year

  • Major

  • Fun Fact

  • Career Goal

Class Setup

  • Introductions

  • Class Setup

  • Generative AI

  • Extra Credits

  • Fundamentals of Statistics

  • Fundamentals of Statistical Inference

  • Sampling Techniques

  • Field Trip

Class Setup

  • Homework Assignments
  • Final Presentation
  • Final Write Up
  • Extra Credit

Syllabus

m453.inqs.info/syllabus

Learning Outcomes

  1. Demonstrate statistical knowledge and apply it to various data sets.
  2. Use basic principles of statistical inference (both Bayesian and frequentist).
  3. Build a starter statistical toolbox and discuss the utility and limitations of these techniques.
  4. Use software and simulation to do statistics.
  5. Demonstrate ability to discuss statistical information in oral and written form.

Course Description

This course is an introduction to mathematical statistics with an emphasis on statistical estimation and hypothesis testing. The course will be comprised of both theory and applications. We begin with a condensed review of fundamental concepts from Math 352; particularly, we briefly review important discrete and continuous probability distributions. We will then begin our discussion on the main topic of this course, statistical inference, through the study of distributions of functions of random variables using the method of moment-generating functions and order statistics. We then discuss ideas of convergence with sampling distributions and the central limit theorem. Next, we consider the topics of estimation, properties of point estimators, and methods of estimation. Finally, we study the theory of statistical tests and likelihood ratio tests. Depending on time, other topics may be added or removed.

Math Foundations

Have a strong math foundation is necessary to be successful in the course. We will be utilizing topics related to:

  • Calculus
  • Probability Theory
  • Algebra

You can try out these problems to get an idea of the type of math we will be doing in this class here.

Generative AI

  • Introductions

  • Class Setup

  • Generative AI

  • Extra Credits

  • Fundamentals of Statistics

  • Fundamentals of Statistical Inference

  • Sampling Techniques

  • Field Trip

Use of Generative AI Policy

The use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) to complete any part or all of an assignment/exam is strictly prohibited in this class. This includes, but not limited to, ChatGPT, Claude, Meta AI, and Google Gemini.

You may use AI to enhance you understanding of the material.

You may not use AI to complete assignments.

You may not upload any course material to any AI platforms such as ChatGPT, Claude, Meta AI, and Google Gemini. Exceptions are allowed for DASS-approved services.

Use of AI

There are consequences when you use of AI:

  • Educational Mislearning
  • Trusting AI
  • Stolen Work
  • Privacy Concerns
  • Environmental Impacts
  • Working Exploitation

Educational Mislearning

The purpose of this class, and college, is for you to learn about critical thinking skills and perseverance. Using AI will only teach you how to get an answer, which may or may not be correct.

You will not develop the skills needed to problem solve a challenge. Additionally, developing grit is essential to become successful in college and life. There is no easy way out and AI is an illusion to your success in life.

To learn something, it requires hours of work! If not years!

Trusting AI

When using AI, you must acknowledge its limitations:

  • Responses provided may be incorrect

  • Responses may not be fair

  • Companies may manipulate responses and/or terms of service for their benefit

  • Companies may not have your best interst in mind

You should always proceed with caution utilizing these tools!

Stolen Work

Additionally, all these individuals are not receiving any royalties for the work to be used in creating generative AI models.

Inside Higher Ed and The New Yorker highlight individual’s concern of their work being used to train AI models.

Privacy Concerns

The use of generative AI raises concerns of what data is being harvested from us, possibly without informed consent or knowledge of impacts.

When you use any large language models, you do not know what information is being harvested from you.

Do you want to upload your thoughts and ideas to a company that can monetize, and possibly exploit you.

Does your Professors consent with you uploading their assignments to large language models?

Stanford provided a report highlighting the risks of our personal data use in large language models.

Environmental Impact

In order to run these large language models, companies need to use a large amounts of energy. This is because large servers are needed to both train and execute a model.

The LA Times reports the potential impact that running AI models in California.

Additionally, Time reports that a ChatGPT query uses ten times more energy than a Google search query, and global AI demands can consume of 1 trillion gallons of water by 2027.

There are also environmental justice questions about where these data centers are constructed.

Worker Exploitation

The Washington Post and Time (Article 1 and Article 2) reported that AI companies utilize “digital sweatshops” to classify data points for model training.

There is a human cost from the Global South, both financially and mentally, to develop the AI models for users in the United States and Europe.

We must be conscious consumers and demand more from these companies to provide safe working conditions and livable wages.

Is Using AI Bad?

Yes/No/I don’t know

Environmental Costs

Extra Credits

  • Introductions

  • Class Setup

  • Generative AI

  • Extra Credits

  • Fundamentals of Statistics

  • Fundamentals of Statistical Inference

  • Sampling Techniques

  • Field Trip

Extra Credits

Fundamentals of Statistics

  • Introductions

  • Class Setup

  • Generative AI

  • Extra Credits

  • Fundamentals of Statistics

  • Fundamentals of Statistical Inference

  • Sampling Techniques

  • Field Trip

Fundamentals of Statistics

  • Observational Unit

  • Variable

    • Types of Variables

      • Quantitative

      • Categorical

    • Roles of Variables

      • Predictors

      • Outcome

Observational Unit

Type of Variable - Quantitative

Type of Variable - Qualitative

Predictor Variables

Outcomes

Fundamentals of Statistical Inference

  • Introductions

  • Class Setup

  • Generative AI

  • Extra Credits

  • Fundamentals of Statistics

  • Fundamentals of Statistical Inference

  • Sampling Techniques

  • Field Trip

Fundamental of Statistical Inference

  • Categorical Variables

    • Proportions

      • p or \(\pi\)

      • \(\hat p\)

  • Continuous Variables

    • Means or Averages

      • \(\mu\)

      • \(\hat \mu\) or \(\bar X\)

    • Variances

      • \(\sigma^2\)

      • \(\hat \sigma^2\) or \(s^2\)

Sampling Techniques

  • Introductions

  • Class Setup

  • Generative AI

  • Extra Credits

  • Fundamentals of Statistics

  • Fundamentals of Statistical Inference

  • Sampling Techniques

  • Field Trip

Sampling Techniques

  • Simple Random Sampling

  • Stratified Sampling

  • Cluster Sampling

  • Multistage Sampling

Field Trip

  • Introductions

  • Class Setup

  • Generative AI

  • Extra Credits

  • Fundamentals of Statistics

  • Fundamentals of Statistical Inference

  • Sampling Techniques

  • Field Trip